In this vein, this article explores the reactions of children through shifting familial circumstances due to the migration and return of their parent(s) over time. 329) and how they manage changes in their everyday lives when parents migrate and return. Nonetheless, more can still be learnt about “children's varying roles in migratory processes” (Tyrrell & Kallis, 2017, p. To address this gap, recent literature has begun encouraging a more “children‐inclusive approach” to studying transnational families. Although much attention has been paid to the formation, maintenance, and practices of transnational families, the research focus has been distributed unevenly in favour of adults'-both migrant and left‐behind members'-perspectives thus far, with less consideration of children's experiences (exceptions include Dreby, 2007 Graham, Jordan, Yeoh, Lam, & Asis, 2012 Mazzucato & Cebotari, 2017). Transnational familyhood as a social formation sustained through cultivating multifaceted social and emotional ties across borders is characterised by the frequent physical comings and goings of key family members (Basch, Glick Schiller, & Blanc‐Szanton, 1994 Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002 Sørensen & Vammen, 2014). Using both quantitative and qualitative data collected from a larger study on child health and migrant parents in Southeast Asia with return‐migrants, left‐behind carers, and children, this article highlights the experiences of left‐behind children by revealing their agency and creativity in managing changes in their daily lives due to the frequent and transient comings and goings of one or both parents.
This article addresses this research lacuna by focusing attention on how left‐behind Indonesian and Filipino children between 9 and 11 years of age engage and react to the changes in their everyday lives brought about by both parental migration and parental return.
Their experiences and perspectives on migration, as well as how they demonstrate agency within the limits of culturally/socially constructed childhoods influenced by a “hybridisation” of global and local conditions, are often overlooked in favour of adults'. Children-whether left behind or as migrants-have remained largely invisible in Southeast Asian migration scholarship.
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